病毒与脑 洪涛,王得新 清华大学出版社【正版】 fb2 免费 lrf 下载 kindle azw3 pdf 阿里云

21世纪的今天，病毒依然是威胁人类健康的顽敌。

本书结合病毒学与生命科学研究领域里的前沿——脑研究，分14个章节详尽介绍了“病毒与脑炎”、“病毒与脑膜炎”、“病毒与小儿智力低下”、“病毒与成人痴呆”、“与神经系统并发症”、“克-雅氏病”、“震颤病”、“致死性家族失眠症”、“疯牛病”等发病、诊断与防治，从而使人们认识到病毒感染对脑发育与脑老化所产生的严重影响。

（人免疫缺陷病毒）在世界范围内的传播，传染性非典型性肺炎（冠状病毒）的肆虐，促使人们更加重视病毒学研究和病毒感染的防治，本书的出版对此无疑具有非常现实的意义。

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那个时期在牛津占主导的看法是非常不用功。你要么是不费吹灰之力而非常卓越，要么接受自己能力有限而得到第四等。因为用功而得到较好等级被视为一个“灰人”的标志，在牛津词汇中这是最坏的诨名。

那个时期，物理课的安排方式使得不做功课特别容易。我进大学之前考试了一次，然后在牛津待了三年，只有一次终考等着我们。我计算过一次，我在那里的三年期间大约只用功一千小时，平均每天一小时。我对自己懒惰并不感到自豪，但那时候我的态度和多数同学并无二致。我们倾向于绝对厌倦和觉得没有任何东西值得努力追求。我患病的一个后果就是把这一切都改变了。当你要面临夭折时，你就意识到生命是值得过的，因为有很多事情等你去做。

万一我不能做研究，作为后备计划，我已经申请当公务员。因为我对核武器有反感，不想与国防有任何相于。因此我把在公务部门做事（那时是照管公共建筑物）或者在下议院任书记员列为优先选择。在面试时有一件事变得很清楚，那就是我根本不知道书记员是做什么的、尽管如此，我通过了面试，余下的一切就是一次笔试。不幸的是，我全然忘记并错过了笔试。公务员进选委员会给我写了一封很友善的信，说我明年可以再试、他们不会对我有成见。没有成为一名公务员是我的率运。如果那样的话，我就无法应付我后来的残疾所带来的不便。

如果说爱因斯坦的广义相对论提出引力由时空的弯曲来体现，那么霍金的黑洞蒸发理论发现了引力或时空的热性。......狭义相对论抛弃了多余的以太思想，广义相对论拜托了绝对时空观念，而物理学在霍金黑洞理论后面临的一个重大问题是，时空和熵哪个更基本的本体论问题。

“At that time, during and just after the war, Highgate was an area in which a number of scientific and academic people lived. (In another country they would have been called intellectuals, but the English have never admitted to having any intellectuals.)”

But my father was very much against it, because he thought there wouldn’t be any jobs for mathematicians except as teachers. He would really have liked me to do medicine, but I showed no interest in biology, which seemed to me to be too descriptive and not sufficiently fundamental. It also had a rather low status at school. The brightest boys did mathematics and physics; the less bright did biology.

When I began research, the two areas that seemed most exciting were cosmology and elementary particle physics. The latter was an active, rapidly changing field that attracted most of the best minds, while cosmology and general relativity were stuck where they had been in the 1930s. Richard Feynman, a Nobel Prize winner and one of the greatest physicists of the twentieth century, has given an amusing account of attending a conference on general relativity and gravitation in Warsaw in 1962. In a letter to his wife, he said, “I am not getting anything out of the meeting. I am learning nothing. Because there are no experiments, this field is not an active one, so few of the best men are doing work in it. The result is that there are hosts of dopes here (126) and it is not good for my blood pre...

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