An Essay on the Principle of Population人口论 fb2 免费 lrf 下载 kindle azw3 pdf 阿里云

While millions face hunger, malnutrition, and starvation, the world's population is increasing by over 225,000 people per day, 80 million per year. In many countries, supplies of food and water are inadequate to support the population, so the world falls deeper and deeper into what economists call the "Malthusian trap," named for the writer whose work, more than any other, brought attention to the population dilemma. Philip Appleman's comprehensive introduction to Thomas Robert Malthus' seminal 1798 work traces the evolution of Malthus' idea and its validity through following generations.

Preface to the Second Edition

Introduction

Part I. Influences on Malthus

David Hume—Of the Populousness of Antient Nations (1752)

　Robert Wallace—A Dissertation on the Numbers of Mankind in Antient and

　Modern Times (1753)

　Benjamin Franklin—Observations Concerning the Increase of Mankind (1755)

　Adam Smith—An Inquiry into the Nature and Causes of the Wealth of Nations (1776)

　Condorcet—The Future Progress of the Human Mind (1795)

　William Godwin—Of Avarice and Profusion (1797)

Part II. Selections from Malthus’s Work

　An Essay on the Principle of Population (1798)

　An Essay on the Principle of Population: From the Revised Edition (1803--)

Part III. Nineteenth-Century Comment

　William Godwin—Of Population (1820)

　Francis Place—Illustrations and Proofs of the Principle of Population (1822)

　Nassau W. Senior—Two Lectures on Population (1829)

　Harriet Martineau—Illustrations of Political Economy (1832)

　Friedrich Engels—Outlines of a Critique of Political Economy (1844)

　John Stuart Mill—Principles of Political Economy (1848)

　Charles Darwin—The Origin of Species (1859)

　Karl Marx—Capital (1867)

　George Bernard Shaw—Fabian Essays (1889)

　Part IV. Malthus in the Twenty-First Century

　A. POPULATION GROWTH IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: A NEW LOOK AT MALTHUS

　　The United Nations Population Fund—Footprints and Milestones: Population and 　Environmental Change (2001)

　　Lester R. Brown—The Population Challenge (1999)

　　William R. Catton, Jr.—Overshoot (1984)

　B. POPULATION AND FOOD SUPPLIES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

　　Gary Gardner—Shrinking Fields (1996)

　　Lester R. Brown—Eradicating Hunger: A Growing Challenge (2001)

　C. POPULATION AND WATER SUPPLIES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

　　Peter H. Gleick—The World’s Water (2000)

　　Sandra Postel—Last Oasis (1997)

　D. POPULATION AND ENGERY SUPPLIES IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

　　David Pimental and Marcia Pimental—Food, Energy, and Society (1996)

　E. POPULATION AND THE ENVIRONMENT IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

　　Paul R. Ehrlich and Anne H. Ehrlich—How Anti-Environmental Rhetoric Threatens Our 　　Future (1996)

　F. POPULATION AND SOCIAL DYMANICS IN THE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY

　　Bingham Kennedy, Jr.—Environmental Scarcity and the Outbreak of Conflict (2001)

　　Lester R. Brown—The Emergence of Demographic Fatigue (1999)

　G. SOME CONTEMPORARY CRITICS OF MALTHUSIANISM

　　Francis Moore Lappé, Joseph Collins, and Peter Rosset—Beyond the Myth of Hunger (1998)

　　Eric B. Ross—The Malthus Factor (1998)

　　Julian L. Simon—The Ultimate Resource (1996)

　　Pope Paul VI—Human Vitae (1968)

　H. RETHINKING ENDLESS POPULATION GROWTH

　　Joel E. Cohen—How Many People Can the Earth Support? (1995)

　　Garrett Hardin—Nobody Ever Dies of Overpopulation (1993)

　　Rodolfo A. Bulatao—The Value of Family Planning Programs in Developing Countries (1998)　

　　Mark W. Nowak—Why Population Policy Matters to America (1998)

　J. Kenneth Smail—Remembering Malthus: A Preliminary Argument for a Significant 　　Reduction in Global Human Numbers (2002)

　　Robert Engelman, Brian Halweil, and Danielle Nierenbert—Rethinking Population, 　　Improving Lives (2002)

　I. THREE SIGNIFICANT POSTSCRIPTS

　　World Scientists’ Warning to Humanity (1993)

　　Statement on Population Stabilization by World Leaders (1985/1995)

　　Priority Statement on Population (1991)

Selected Readings

Index

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书籍介绍

"An Essay on the Principle of Population" was first published in 1798. This edition contains the original text, along with the author's (1803) revisions. Background and source materials include such writers as David Hume, Adam Smith, John Stuart Mill and Karl Marx. Contemporary commentary ranges from Lester R. Brown, Paul and Ane Ehrlich and Garrett Hartin to Julian Simon and Pope Paul VI. The evolution of Thomas Malthus' idea and its validity through time is traced in the introduction.