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　　In July 1917, when the Provisional Government issued a warrant

for his arrest, Lenin fled from Petrograd; later that year, the

October Revolution swept him to supreme power. In the short

intervening period he spent in Finland, he wrote his impassioned,

never-completed masterwork "The State and Revolution". This

powerfully argued book offers both the rationale for the new regime

and a wealth of insights into Leninist politics. It was here that

Lenin justified his personal interpretation of Marxism, savaged his

opponents and set out his trenchant views on class conflict, the

lessons of earlier revolutions, the dismantling of the bourgeois

state and the replacement of capitalism by the dictatorship of the

proletariat. As both historical document and political statement,

its importance can hardly be exaggerated. This title is translated

and edited with an introduction by Robert Service.

Part 1 Class society and the state: the state as the product of

the irreconcilability of class contradictions

　 special bodies of armed men, prisons, etc.

　 the state as an instrument for the exploitation of the oppressed

class

　 the "withering away" of the state and violent revolution. Part 2

The state and revolution - the experience of 1848-51: the eve of

the revolution

　 the revolution in summary

　 the presentation of the question by Marx in 1852. Part 3 The

state and revolution - the experience of the Paris Commune of 1871

- Marx's analysis: what was heroic about the Communards'

attempt?

　 with what is the smashed state machine to be replaced?

　 the eradication of the parliamentarianism

　 organization of the unity of the nation

　 the destruction of the parasite state. Part 4 Continuation -

supplementary clarifications by Engels: the housing question

　 the polemic with the anarchists

　 letter to Bebel

　 critique of the draft of the Erfurt Programme

　 the 1891 Preface to Marx's "The Civil War in France"

　 Engels on the overcoming of democracy. Part 5 The economic basis

for the withering away of the state: the presentation of the

question by Marx

　 the transition from capitalism to Communisim

　 the first phase of Communist society

　 the higher phase of Communist society. Part 6 The vulgarization

of Marxism by the opportunists: Plekhanov's polemic with the

Anarchists

　 Kautsky's polemic with the opportunists

　 Kautsky's polemic with Pannekoek. Part 7 The experience of the

Russian Revolutions of 1905 and 1917.

　　Vladimir Lenin was born in 1870 and was one of the most

influential people of the 20th century. He became a Russian

revolutionary, a communist politician, the principal leader of the

October Revolution, the first head of the Russian Soviet Socialist

Republic and, from 1922, the first de facto leader of the Soviet

Union.

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大学之道，在明明德，在亲民，在止于至善。知止而后有定，定而后能静，静而后能安，安而后能虑，虑而后能得。物有本末，事有终始。知所先后，则近道矣。

古之欲明明德于天下者，先治其国。欲治其国者，先齐其家。欲齐其家者，先修其身。欲修其身者，先正其心。欲正其心者，先诚其意。欲诚其意者，先致其知。致知在格物。物格而后知至，知至而后意诚，意诚而后心正，心正而后身修，身修而后家齐，家齐而后国治，国治而后天下平。自天子以至于庶人，壹是皆以修身为本，其本乱而末治者否矣。其所厚者薄，而其所薄者厚，未之有也。此谓知本，此谓知之至也。

平生见世上好汉，断不轻易放过，多方钩致之。或纵其酒，或助其急，待其相德，与之吐实，无不应矣

乡愿者，忠信廉洁，所以媚君子，同流合污，所以媚小人。

狂者志存古人，一切纷嚣俗染，举不足以累其心，真有凤凰翔于千仞之意，一克念，即圣人矣。

儒佛老庄，皆吾之用，是之谓大道，二氏自私其身，是之谓小道

君子之所谓敬畏者，非恐惧忧患之谓也。戒慎不睹，恐惧不闻之谓耳。君子之所谓洒落者，非旷荡放逸之谓也，乃其心体不累于欲，无入而不自得之谓耳

夫心之本体，即天理也；天理之昭明灵觉，所谓良知也。君子戒惧之功，无时或间，则天理常存，而其昭明灵觉之本体自无所昏蔽，自无所牵扰，自无所歉馁愧怍，动容周旋而中礼，从心所欲而不逾，斯乃所谓真洒落矣

是洒落生于天理之常存，天理之常存，生于戒惧恐惧之无间

劫之以势，而威益亵，笼之以诈，而术愈穷。

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